The Signal with Jonathan Jarecki
Jul 31, 2026 · 1 hr 40 min · 15 segments
In this episode, my guest is Dr. Sean Cain, PhD, a Harvard Medical School-trained expert in the impact of light on the human circadian system, a Matthew Flinders Professor at Flinders University, and…
Sean CainGuest
Jonathan JareckiHost
So I wanna sort of set the stage, uh, for people who, who maybe are unfamiliar with these terms, uh, and sort of just, uh, you know, getting us acclimated to, to what is a circadian rhythm, uh, where, where does it physically live in the body and w- like what are rhythms in, in general if you could-- Also if you can maybe touch on some like anatomy, the SCN and, and all that stuff, I think that'll be really helpful for the rest of the conversation.

So, you know, we, we-- you, you recently were referring to, you know, a body clock as something that almost sounds, uh, metaphorical, but, you know, it is a genuine physical thing.

It's about, you know, fifty thousand neurons per side, and it serves as the, the master clock.

So it receives direct input from the eyes, so monosynaptic input from the retina, from those intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells containing melanopsin.

So that's how it gets its information about the outside world and whether it's day or night.

Uh, now those cells go to other areas of the brain, and we'll, we'll talk about that later.

So it is, it is an absolutely powerful little bit of tissue, uh, and, and very well conserved.

Now there's, you know, what, what are circadian rhythms? So it's, it's just rhythms and function that go kind of up and down over the day.

And usually when we think of, you know, circadian rhythms, most people think about, you know, the sleep-wake cycle-

So I wanna sort of set the stage, uh, for people who, who maybe are unfamiliar with these terms, uh, and sort of just, uh, you know, getting us acclimated to, to what is a circadian rhythm, uh, where, where does it physically live in the body and w- like what are rhythms in, in general if you could-- Also if you can maybe touch on some like anatomy, the SCN and, and all that stuff, I think that'll be really helpful for the rest of the conversation.

So, you know, we, we-- you, you recently were referring to, you know, a body clock as something that almost sounds, uh, metaphorical, but, you know, it is a genuine physical thing.

It's about, you know, fifty thousand neurons per side, and it serves as the, the master clock.

So it receives direct input from the eyes, so monosynaptic input from the retina, from those intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells containing melanopsin.

So that's how it gets its information about the outside world and whether it's day or night.

Uh, now those cells go to other areas of the brain, and we'll, we'll talk about that later.

So it is, it is an absolutely powerful little bit of tissue, uh, and, and very well conserved.

Now there's, you know, what, what are circadian rhythms? So it's, it's just rhythms and function that go kind of up and down over the day.

And usually when we think of, you know, circadian rhythms, most people think about, you know, the sleep-wake cycle-
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