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Thank you.

Thanks for having me, Madeline.

All right.

Well, so what is your assessment now that the immediate storm is over? What do you see along our coasts?

Well, it's going to be more of the same for at least the next few weeks.

And that's the way that I would describe our summer into fall.

To date, it's just been relentless.

These locations where we have beaches that are exposed to waves coming from the south just get hit again and again and again, and they have no time to recover.

Well, so we saw some communities erecting berms and handing out sandbags.

Is that going to be enough as the storms approach?

Yeah, if the berms are built high enough, and in fact, we saw that in Newport and Balboa on Sunday.

So on Sunday, we had very high tides and very large waves, but they built berms extremely high, higher than I've ever seen them.

And that was very effective at keeping the waves from flooding the berm and flooding the town.

So as long as you have the sand, If you build berms, that offers a good protective.

But what we see in the Long Beach Peninsula is that eventually you run out of sand.

You've also seen this at Point Doom.

And once you run out of sand, your emergency response options are really rock.

You can place rock in that.

And that's what we're going to start seeing in a lot of these communities.

What about seawalls?

Well, we probably don't have time to build seawalls through the end of our winter season.

There's just not going to be a break where you can get in there and build a proper seawall, which might look like a concrete wall.

What will happen is in between storms, we will place rock in these locations where we can get in with trucks and place rock.

And that rock is very, very effective at knocking down waves and wave-driven flooding.

But for the long term, what do you expect? How do you expect the coast to be damaged in the long term? And what can officials do to prevent basically homes from being washed away or at least damaged and beaches disappearing?