Leaving Surgery & Reimagining Grafts

A child should not need another open operation because an implanted blood vessel cannot grow—and a vascular graft should not become a surface where clot and infection win.Dr. Arush Kalra is a physician, biomedical engineer, co-founder and chief scientific officer of PECA Labs. He left pediatric-urology training after an attending told him, “Don’t play the game; make the game.” At Carnegie Mellon, he turned toward biomedical engineering and a strict rule: better technology should preserve a surgeon’s familiar craft instead of forcing the surgeon to relearn it.The origin was personal. Kalra’s mother has Marfan syndrome and a bicuspid aortic valve. Her progressive aortic disease pushed him toward cardiovascular materials. PECA began with expandable ePTFE conduits intended to accommodate growth in children, then asked an adult-vascular question: can a familiar graft be redesigned to resist thrombosis, reduce hyperplasia, retain antibiotics and still feel intuitive?Kalra describes the graft as a sandwich: the surfaces govern how the body responds, while the center supplies strength, flexibility and compliance. His team changes the microstructure of a material surgeons already know and inspects every graft with scanning electron microscopy. He discusses encouraging preclinical comparisons, but these remain investigational results—not clinical promises.In this conversation, Dr. Arush Kalra reveals:⬛ Why he walked away from the identity his family and training had built for him⬛ How his mother’s cardiovascular disease redirected his career toward devices that can grow⬛ Why the best invention may preserve a surgeon’s technique while changing the material underneath it⬛ How microstructure, elasticity and compliance influence thrombosis and anastomotic hyperplasia⬛ Why PECA is exploring antibiotic retention rather than a drug layer that disappears quickly⬛ Why patient safety demands imagining the worst outcome, not merely the most likely oneTimestamps:05:24 Growing up above a neonatal hospital06:46 His mother’s Marfan syndrome and aortic disease07:43 “Don’t play the game—make the game”11:54 Searching for a cardiovascular solution12:22 The design rule: do not make surgeons relearn their craft14:07 A graft designed to grow with a child16:28 The origin of PECA Labs17:28 The obsession with clot formation19:41 Engineering the layers of ePTFE23:21 Why Arush praises the FDA process28:19 Scanning every graft with electron microscopy45:22 Why mistakes are the fastest education46:58 Starting with peripheral vascular disease48:23 Patient safety before commercial focus52:37 Anti-thrombogenic and antibiotic development paths53:24 Designing for repeated large-needle puncture55:21 The antibiotic strategy discussed with regulators56:59 The inventor as artist, scientist and surgeonFollow Dr. Arush Kalra:LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/arush-kalra-b4aa4750/PECA Labs: https://www.pecalabs.com/Resources mentioned in this episode:🏢 PECA Labs — expandable, radiopaque, anti-thrombogenic and valved polymer platforms🧪 ePTFE, scanning electron microscopy and microstructured vascular graft design🏛 FDA 510(k) and De Novo pathways as discussed in the recordingLife of Flow is hosted by Dr. Lucas Ferrer & Dr. Miguel Montero-Baker.🌐 Website: https://lifeofflowpodcast.com▶ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@LifeofFlowPodcast🎧 Listen: Spotify https://open.spotify.com/show/5GMv47SJ0ePxbjtIb1GZ5U · Apple https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/life-of-flow/id1705596604📩 Partner with the show: [info@lifeofflowpodcast.com](mailto:info@lifeofflowpodcast.com)Connect with the hosts:Dr. Lucas Ferrer — \[Lucas LinkedIn]Dr. Miguel Montero-Baker — https://www.linkedin.com/in/miguel-montero-baker-a44354214/Follow the show: Instagram https://www.instagram.com/lifeofflowpodcast/ · X https://x.com/vascularpodcast · LinkedIn https://www.linkedin.com/company/lifeofflowEducational only; never medical advice. Confirm product and regulatory timelines with PECA Labs.