Miscarriage: when does the neshama enter?

**E-scooter safety for children** May parents allow young children to ride e-scooters and e-bikes, given the serious injuries these vehicles can cause? - Are parents halachically liable for damage caused by a child riding an e-scooter, and which factors may determine their responsibility? - Does *dina d’malchusa dina* obligate us to keep traffic and safety laws, such as the ban on riding e-scooters on the sidewalk? **Miscarriage: when does the *neshama* enter?** - After a missed miscarriage, was there a *neshama* that came into this world and will merit *olam haba*? At what stage can a child’s *neshama* enter *olam haba*: from when the seed is implanted, from the *bris*, or from when he first answers *amen*? How do the rulings of the Rama and the Alter Rebbe (regarding children answering *amen* and washing *negel vasser*) relate to the opinions in the Gemara? How does the Rebbe reconcile the various opinions, and connect it to the halacha that we are *mechalel Shabbos* to save a fetus? **Ignoring someone and *onaas devarim*** - Does deliberately ignoring someone in order to hurt or humiliate them violate the *issur* of *onaas devarim*, which literally refers to hurtful words? - Is *onaas devarim* limited to speech, or does it include actions (such as eyeing merchandise you cannot afford) and even inaction? **Sternos and *shehiya* on Shabbos** - Does food placed before Shabbos on a sterno require a *blech* covering the flame? - Is a sterno comparable to a Shabbos hot plate with no adjustable setting (as the questioner’s AI suggested), which most *poskim* permit without a covering, or is that comparison incorrect? - Does the concern of *shema yechateh b’gechalim* apply where there are no actual coals, such as with liquid or gel fuel, or where one can only turn a knob higher or add fuel? **Early Shabbos Kiddush for a bar mitzvah boy** - If a boy becomes bar mitzvah on Shabbos and the community accepts Shabbos early, may he make Kiddush before nightfall, and could that count for himself even after he becomes a *gadol* that night? - Can we infer from the halacha about a bar mitzvah boy *davening* Maariv before dark, which implies that the only concern is *davening* for the *amud* and being *motzi* the *tzibbur*, with no issue regarding his personal *chiyuv*? ***Tallis* on top of *tefillin* in a travel bag** - Is there an issue with travel *tallis* bags in which the *tallis* sits on top of the *tefillin*, rather than in front of them as in the classic bags? - Since *tefillin* have a higher level of *kedusha* than a *tallis*, why is placing the *tallis* on top not considered disrespectful? - Does it matter that the *tallis* serves as protection for the *tefillin*, and that the *tefillin* are stored inside their own box and bag?