Aug 7, 2026 · 55 min · 11 segments
Free speech in the United States is often celebrated as a settled principle, but this conversation shows how quickly the First Amendment gets bent when fear, geopolitics, and executive power collide…
Leonard GoodmanHost
Luis Diaz-PerezHost
But people ask me, hey, I'm an American citizen, but I've been living in Russia.

What advice do you have at the border? I know we're going to get to Max's case in a little bit, but is there any general advice you have to people that are American citizens or maybe European citizens or citizens of some country that we don't like that are coming to the United States lawfully, going through Dulles or O'Hare? What are your rights at the border with respect to searches of your devices or seizures of your devices?
I'm actually writing an amicus brief in favor of CERT in a case similar to Max's, which we'll get to later, arguing that the circuits are so divided that the Supreme Court really needs to take up this issue.
But right now, you have no Fourth Amendment rights when it comes to your luggage.
The idea is that the government has basically unfettered ability to ensure that contraband isn't entering the country like a bomb, you know, explosives or fentanyl or whatever.
But it's still being ironed out when it comes to smartphones, and there are a couple of reasons for that.
The first is that there was a Supreme Court case in 2014 called the United States versus Riley that had nothing to do with border entry.
It was just a guy who, I think he was being arrested, and they went through his phone, and the Supreme Court held you have to have a warrant to search someone's cell phone, except that there could be circumstances in which it would be permitted not to have a warrant, but not these here.
And in the very, very good decision, the Supreme Court recognized the extraordinary privacy interests that are in smartphones, modern day smartphones.
I mean, the Fourth Amendment guarantees the right to be secure in one's papers.
So the Fourth Amendment assures people or guarantees people the right to security in their houses, papers and effects.
And I mean, if you think about it, a smart modern smartphone contains way, way more than any 18th century office.
your messages, which often reflect contemporaneous thoughts, plans, past activities.
So the court rightly found that Absent extreme circumstances, a warrant's needed to search a phone.
Now, some courts have held, well, the border exception, Riley doesn't apply at all.

But people ask me, hey, I'm an American citizen, but I've been living in Russia.

What advice do you have at the border? I know we're going to get to Max's case in a little bit, but is there any general advice you have to people that are American citizens or maybe European citizens or citizens of some country that we don't like that are coming to the United States lawfully, going through Dulles or O'Hare? What are your rights at the border with respect to searches of your devices or seizures of your devices?
I'm actually writing an amicus brief in favor of CERT in a case similar to Max's, which we'll get to later, arguing that the circuits are so divided that the Supreme Court really needs to take up this issue.
But right now, you have no Fourth Amendment rights when it comes to your luggage.
The idea is that the government has basically unfettered ability to ensure that contraband isn't entering the country like a bomb, you know, explosives or fentanyl or whatever.
But it's still being ironed out when it comes to smartphones, and there are a couple of reasons for that.
The first is that there was a Supreme Court case in 2014 called the United States versus Riley that had nothing to do with border entry.
It was just a guy who, I think he was being arrested, and they went through his phone, and the Supreme Court held you have to have a warrant to search someone's cell phone, except that there could be circumstances in which it would be permitted not to have a warrant, but not these here.
And in the very, very good decision, the Supreme Court recognized the extraordinary privacy interests that are in smartphones, modern day smartphones.
I mean, the Fourth Amendment guarantees the right to be secure in one's papers.
So the Fourth Amendment assures people or guarantees people the right to security in their houses, papers and effects.
And I mean, if you think about it, a smart modern smartphone contains way, way more than any 18th century office.
your messages, which often reflect contemporaneous thoughts, plans, past activities.
So the court rightly found that Absent extreme circumstances, a warrant's needed to search a phone.
Now, some courts have held, well, the border exception, Riley doesn't apply at all.
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