Solar and Electricity Basics: Volts, Amps, Watts, and Battery Capacity Explained

Welcome back to Unplugged LIVE. This week the crew goes back to basics: volts, amps, watts, and battery capacity, explained the way we wish someone had explained it to us. The night opens with Eric's new security camera rollout, then flows into open Q&A pulled straight from the live chat, where the battery math takes over the show. Adam builds the water tank analogy on screen: voltage is pressure, amps are flow, and watt hours are the size of the tank. The crew works a real example: a 100 Ah 12 V battery holds about 1.2 kWh, and once you pick a depth of discharge you can math out how long a refrigerator runs and what actually happens at midnight when the power goes out. Battery bank state of charge drift, balancing, and the equal cable length myth get settled too. The back half covers the Section 232 polysilicon proclamation and what it may do to panel prices: a 15 percent tariff plus price floors of $21 per kilogram for polysilicon and $0.38 per watt for modules, effective December 4, 2026. Plus the EG4 12000XP warranty story, array grounding and ground rods answered from a viewer super chat, the Sunshine Roll Call (the community logged just over a megawatt hour this week), Eric's FlexBoss21 zero production mystery, and RE+ Vegas logistics. **Topics in this episode:** - Back to basics night: volts, amps, watts, and battery capacity - The water tank analogy: pressure, flow, and tank size - Watt hours vs amp hours - The 100 Ah 12 V battery: how much energy is really in there - Depth of discharge and usable capacity - Refrigerator runtime and sizing a battery bank - What happens at midnight when the grid goes down - State of charge drift, balancing, and the equal cable length myth - Raspberry Pi 5 as a Solar Assistant node - EG4 12000XP warranty story: swap or fix the old inverter - The Section 232 polysilicon proclamation explained - The $21/kg polysilicon floor and $0.38/W module floor from December 4, 2026 - Copper, grounding rods, and array grounding - Sunshine Roll Call: 29 on screen, community just over 1.1 MWh this week - Rodney 136.1 kWh in North Carolina on a storm day - Eric's zero production FlexBoss21 tampering mystery - Copper thieves, trail cams, and protecting the homestead - RE+ Vegas meetup: tickets, rooms, and plans **Links and resources:** - Watch the full episode on YouTube: https://youtube.com/live/Bf7cb7rDnKk - Signature Solar: https://signaturesolar.com/?ref=unplugged&utm\source=yt&utm\medium=podcast&utm\_campaign=ep40 - use code GET50UNPLUGGED for $50 off orders over $500 - Current Connected: https://currentconnected.com/?ref=AzzpK9Fl&utm\source=yt&utm\medium=podcast&utm\_campaign=ep40 **Watch and follow the Unplugged crew:** - Unplugged DIY Solar - Adam De Lay DIY - Rodney Hunt - Eric | East Texas Homestead - Home Energy Independence Watch us live every Thursday at 8 Eastern on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@unpluggedsolar Have a question or a solar setup to share? Email us at [live@unplugged.solar](mailto:live@unplugged.solar) with subject "Unplugged". **Disclosure:** This description contains affiliate links. We may earn a commission on qualifying purchases at no additional cost to you. **Safety note:** DIY solar, batteries, inverters, grounding, and backup power wiring can involve dangerous voltages, fire risk, and code requirements. Consult qualified professionals and follow local code and manufacturer instructions.