Fatḥ al-Raḥmān: al-Ma’un, al-Kawthar, al-Kafirun, al-Nasr

Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala says, أَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي يُكَذِّبُ بِالدِّينِ Have you seen those who deny the deen? So the meaning of have you seen is not necessarily that you see them individually, but do you know of those who deny the deen? And the deen here is mainly talking about the recompense and the accounting.

So those who deny al-jaza' wal-hisab.

And it is worth repeating that that the Meccans, the idolaters of Quraysh, this was one of their major hang-ups with the Prophet, alayhi salatu was salam, and Islam, is that it spoke of a hereafter, an accounting, a reckoning, a judgment, and then either Jannah or Naar, wa liya'udhu billah.

And so they denied the hereafter altogether.

So that's what's meant here.

أَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي يُكَذِّبُ بِالدِّينِ Basically, do you know of those who deny the recompense and the accounting? Meaning, if you didn't know them, they are فَذَلِكَ الَّذِي يَدُعُّ الْيَتِينِ For that is the one who repels the orphan, as Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala says.

Meaning, he pushes the orphan away from his rights, and does so with harshness or great severity.

And this is because they used to not give inheritance to the minors, the orphans.

They wouldn't give them what was rightfully theirs.

Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala says something similar.

We talked about this in Surah Al-Fajr.

Allah says what means nay, but you treat not the orphans with kindness and generosity and urge not one another on the feeding of al-miskeen, meaning the poor who have nothing to sustain themselves and suffice themselves with basic needs.

And that's similar to what the next verse says, وَلَا يَحُبُّ عَلَىٰ طَعَامِ الْمِسْكِينَ So Surah Al-Fajr verses number 17 and 18 are similar to this Surah Al-Ma'un with these two verses just mentioned.

وَلَا يَحُبُّ عَلَىٰ طَعَامِ الْمِسْكِينَ And does not encourage the feeding of the poor.

Meaning, وَلَا يَحُضُّ Here, he does not encourage نَفْسَهُ وَلَا غَيْرَهُ Doesn't encourage himself, and he certainly doesn't encourage others عَلَى طَعَامِ الْمِسْكِينِ And I just mentioned the meaning of that from Surah Al-Fajr.