Aug 11, 2026 · 5 min · 5 segments
How did cannabis transform from a restricted plant in 1923 to a recognized wellness tool under Bill C-45 in 2018? In this docu-short, we explore the hidden legal history of Canada’s drug laws, the…
Michelle SamuelsHost
But before the legalization of marijuana, Canada's opioid laws were founded on racist, xenophobic beliefs.

Similar to the United States' marijuana prohibition in the early 1900s was based on anti-Mexican immigration and brown and black xenophobic ideologies, Canada's 1908 Opium Act originated from Vancouver's anti-Chinese immigration laws.

In the 1800s, Chinese railroad workers used opioids to treat their physical pain and aid in relaxation.


These beliefs ran simultaneously with the then-current anti-Indigenous Indian Acts and anti-Black racism already prevalent throughout Canada.

Canada's Opium Act of 1908 was the beginning of police racial profiling and harsh prison sentences against people of colour and cascading worse on the Black and Indigenous demographic.

Prior to legalization, those arrested for minor marijuana possession offenses in Canada were primary Black people or Indigenous people, according to data published in the International Journal of Drug Policy.

Four out of five of the cities in this research, both Indigenous and Black people, were the highest arrest rates.

In all five of the cities examined, Black people were overrepresented among those arrested for low-level possession up to 30 grams.

In 2017, the Toronto Star examined 10 years from 2003 to 2013 of Toronto police data and found that Black people with no criminal record were three times as likely to be arrested for cannabis possession than white people with no prior charges.

But when a criminal system is founded on racism, its xenophobic ideologies onset races of people will continue to impact the legal system generationally.

It's taken over 100 years since this opioid law was founded for us as a country to understand that this law and other judiciary legislations were often rooted in racism, negatively impacting, in multiple ways, people of color.

But before the legalization of marijuana, Canada's opioid laws were founded on racist, xenophobic beliefs.

Similar to the United States' marijuana prohibition in the early 1900s was based on anti-Mexican immigration and brown and black xenophobic ideologies, Canada's 1908 Opium Act originated from Vancouver's anti-Chinese immigration laws.

In the 1800s, Chinese railroad workers used opioids to treat their physical pain and aid in relaxation.


These beliefs ran simultaneously with the then-current anti-Indigenous Indian Acts and anti-Black racism already prevalent throughout Canada.

Canada's Opium Act of 1908 was the beginning of police racial profiling and harsh prison sentences against people of colour and cascading worse on the Black and Indigenous demographic.

Prior to legalization, those arrested for minor marijuana possession offenses in Canada were primary Black people or Indigenous people, according to data published in the International Journal of Drug Policy.

Four out of five of the cities in this research, both Indigenous and Black people, were the highest arrest rates.

In all five of the cities examined, Black people were overrepresented among those arrested for low-level possession up to 30 grams.

In 2017, the Toronto Star examined 10 years from 2003 to 2013 of Toronto police data and found that Black people with no criminal record were three times as likely to be arrested for cannabis possession than white people with no prior charges.

But when a criminal system is founded on racism, its xenophobic ideologies onset races of people will continue to impact the legal system generationally.

It's taken over 100 years since this opioid law was founded for us as a country to understand that this law and other judiciary legislations were often rooted in racism, negatively impacting, in multiple ways, people of color.
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