Amazon Gold: How Illegal Mining Reaches the Global Market

So PCC is...

Da Capital.

Da Capital and CV is Comando Vermelho.

Yeah, that's right.

Okay, so these are the ones we're thinking of.

And when you talk about the legal actors, we're just looking at regular miners or actually institutional mining companies? We are talking

about usually, I would say...

When we look at the Amazon, we can talk about both, but usually in the Amazon, we are looking at the artisanal and small-scale mining.

So it's different, and it's a different perspective when we are talking about industrial mining.

So there are different components and different kinds of illegalities when we are talking about industrial mining.

But mainly what is operating in the Amazon basin, it's the small scale and artisanal mining.

And then you have much more informality operating among all the actors that is involved.

But it is when we look at the sites that they are operating.

It's really costly.

So there is someone financing all the operation that they are doing because to explore gold in the Yanomami land, for example, it's really difficult to get there.

It's not something that you just catch a bus and they are there.

So you need a really sophisticated operation and logistics to get there.

Sometimes it's boats.

Sometimes you have a plane where you go.

The mining sector, it really depends on a lot of fuel.

All the components and all the logistics to be there, it's really difficult.

You need someone to cook.

You need all the resources to explore.

Sometimes you do need to aggregate the gold, you need different equipments and really big equipments to explore where they are doing.

So it is a big operation.