Sep 22, 2026 · 31 min · 10 segments
In this special episode, Prof. Robert Pape of the University of Chicago reveals the findings of this year’s most important book on the future of American democracy – Our Own Worst Enemies: America…
Matthew LevingerHost
And so, in other words, what you were seeing already in the early days of the pandemic was political violence beginning to emerge in a more systemic way, both on the left and on the right.

And now you're warning, or you warned a couple of years ago in a foreign affairs article, that the United States is approaching a period of sustained political violence.

One of the things that really caught my attention in the preface to your new book is the following sentences.

It's that millions of Americans now see violence as a normal political tool.
The number one fact about political violence today in America is that tens of millions of Americans on both sides of the aisle support political violence for the political goals they also endorse.
And once tens of millions of Americans support political violence, this changes everything.
Why is that? Because tens of millions of Americans supporting political violence are normalizes political violence.
And once political violence becomes acceptable, volatile actors who may be on the edge of political violence for their own psychosocial reasons can far more easily go over the edge to actual political violence.
Because the expectation of social approval is that extra straw that nudges them over the edge.
And that's why what you have witnessed side by side with this mass pool of support for political violence in the United States is political violence on the right and the left, as a historic wave of political violence that we have not seen in our country since the 1960s, since the last time tens of millions of Americans supported political violence.

And so, in other words, what you were seeing already in the early days of the pandemic was political violence beginning to emerge in a more systemic way, both on the left and on the right.

And now you're warning, or you warned a couple of years ago in a foreign affairs article, that the United States is approaching a period of sustained political violence.

One of the things that really caught my attention in the preface to your new book is the following sentences.

It's that millions of Americans now see violence as a normal political tool.
The number one fact about political violence today in America is that tens of millions of Americans on both sides of the aisle support political violence for the political goals they also endorse.
And once tens of millions of Americans support political violence, this changes everything.
Why is that? Because tens of millions of Americans supporting political violence are normalizes political violence.
And once political violence becomes acceptable, volatile actors who may be on the edge of political violence for their own psychosocial reasons can far more easily go over the edge to actual political violence.
Because the expectation of social approval is that extra straw that nudges them over the edge.
And that's why what you have witnessed side by side with this mass pool of support for political violence in the United States is political violence on the right and the left, as a historic wave of political violence that we have not seen in our country since the 1960s, since the last time tens of millions of Americans supported political violence.
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