Why Bitkey Ditched Seed Phrases | Clay Garrett SLP778

Bitkey ditched seed phrases for a recovery-focused 2-of-3 design: an app key, hardware key, and Block server key that use phones, hardware, and cloud access to help people retain control of their funds. Clay Garrett, Bitkey lead at Block, joins Stephan Livera to explain the design trade-offs: safety as security plus recoverability, cloud backup that needs your hardware to decrypt, and why Bitkey does not treat vendor lock-in as its ethos. They dig into recovery paths, multi-vendor trade-offs, transfer-without-hardware limits, Recovery Contacts and inheritance, a working FROST prototype, what covenants could move on-chain, chain code delegation, and privacy-conscious Electrum options. Timestamps: 00:00 — Intro 00:19 — Clay Garrett Joins — Bitkey at Block 00:56 — Bitkey V2 and the 2-of-3 Model 03:03 — Safety Means Access and Recoverability 04:11 — App+Hardware Spends Without Block 07:09 — Cloud Backup and Instant Phone Swap 09:27 — Lost Hardware and the 7-Day Delay 12:14 — Vendor Lock Is Temporary, Not Ethos 15:44 — Multi-Vendor After Coldcard 21:20 — Which Wallet Fits Your Threat Model? 26:49 — $5 Wrench and Transfer Without Hardware 30:04 — Recovery Contacts and Inheritance 36:06 — FROST Prototype Already in the Repo 38:04 — On-Chain Looks Like Single-Sig 39:34 — Covenants Could Move Policy On-Chain 42:09 — Chain Code Delegation — BIP 89 46:10 — Electrum, Mempool, and Custom Servers 52:08 — Industry After Coldcard Changed 55:21 — Wallet Plus Free-for-Life Co-Signing Links:  - https://x.com/clay\_garrett - https://bitkey.world/ Stephan Livera links: - Follow me on X: @stephanlivera - Subscribe to the podcast - Subscribe to Substack