Oct 16, 2026 · 16 min · 10 segments
Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE Uploaded 25-10-17 For years, astronomers…
Matt O'DowdHost
[upbeat music] Our astronomical surveys have revealed an observable universe full of hundreds of billions of galaxies, each of them with as many stars.

The shining light of these stars illuminates or is conspicuously absorbed by gas and dust within those galaxies.

When we extrapolate our observations to the entire observable universe, we find a billion trillion suns worth of mass.

However, we've known for some time that around 95% of the energy content of the universe is in dark matter and dark energy.

This dark sector doesn't interact with light in any way and so is invisible to us.

The remaining 5%, the light sector, represents all of the regular matter in the universe.

Yet what if I told you that all of the stars and galaxies and galaxy clusters only comprise 10% of the light sector? The rest has proved as elusive as the dark sector.

Dark matter is believed to be an invisible stuff that interacts only through gravity.

It comprises 80% of the mass of the universe or around 25% of its total energy content.

Its gravity holds galaxies together and governed the growth of large scale structure in our universe throughout cosmic time.

By the way, a baryon is a three-quark particle like a proton or a neutron, but really baryonic matter refers to atomic matter.

Baryonic matter interacts with light, so we can search for it by scanning the electromagnetic spectrum.

[upbeat music] Our astronomical surveys have revealed an observable universe full of hundreds of billions of galaxies, each of them with as many stars.

The shining light of these stars illuminates or is conspicuously absorbed by gas and dust within those galaxies.

When we extrapolate our observations to the entire observable universe, we find a billion trillion suns worth of mass.

However, we've known for some time that around 95% of the energy content of the universe is in dark matter and dark energy.

This dark sector doesn't interact with light in any way and so is invisible to us.

The remaining 5%, the light sector, represents all of the regular matter in the universe.

Yet what if I told you that all of the stars and galaxies and galaxy clusters only comprise 10% of the light sector? The rest has proved as elusive as the dark sector.

Dark matter is believed to be an invisible stuff that interacts only through gravity.

It comprises 80% of the mass of the universe or around 25% of its total energy content.

Its gravity holds galaxies together and governed the growth of large scale structure in our universe throughout cosmic time.

By the way, a baryon is a three-quark particle like a proton or a neutron, but really baryonic matter refers to atomic matter.

Baryonic matter interacts with light, so we can search for it by scanning the electromagnetic spectrum.
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