I'm learning more.

And this is with both the talk you gave today and the talk yesterday.

You know, the hypocalcemia thing is we went to DCAD.

It works.

It's very effective.

Now there's a lot of interest in these binders, phosphorus binders, and that's what you talked about yesterday.

And I don't think there's any data, so I'm asking speculation here.

Much higher,

... for, for review, so.

Well, happy to do it.

Well, today's paper is in Journal of Dairy Science.

It's a symposium paper published, I don't, late last year.

I don't know the month.

Uh, it was, uh, an, part of an international symposium on ruminant physiology.

The paper's entitled Integrating Our Understanding of Stress Phys- Physiology.

Yeah

Is there different anta- an- antagonism, uh, activity versus sulfur versus sulfate?

Yeah.

Um, you know, mo- most of the sulfur in a diet is still gonna be amino acid sulfur, methionine, cysteine.

That's ...

Unless the, the amino acid's broken down the room and converted into sulfide or sulfite, it's not an issue.

I mean, methionine does not antagonize most, most trace minerals.

It's the sulfate.

The top 15%.

Yeah.

The, these, we know the calves are born high and we've done a good job most of us on pulling copper down and still probably is too high.

And then milk replacer, I don't know what it is now, but in the past before the last NRC, it was 10 or 20 parts per million.

And then the new one we, we, because the calves absorb so much they said, "This can't be" so we cut it down to two or three.

And so I don't know if that's filtered through the milk replacer industry or not yet.

I don't-

But, um, so sounds like this is an issue that we should look at addressing and, and I'm wondering, is there anything with like AAFCO or NASM or what, what would be the process for maybe kinda throwing the red flag on this thing?

Well, I, I, like I said, I think the copper requirements have dropped a lot.

... effluent into the environment?

It's, it's always better if you can get rid of the antagonist rather than just dumping more and more in, because when you dump more and more in, you're creating other issues.

Cleaning water or getting rid of it is not easy and it's not cheap.

A lot of times find a better source.

But if you can, i- it's always better to reduce antagonists.

Like, you, you ...

But m- m- the only macromineral with major antagonism is magnesium.

It's the least, right?

If you-- We don't wanna be deficient

deficientAnd if we feed at NASM, what are some potential reasons that won't be adequate? One would be, you know, variability in a group, variability in diet composition.

So we build in, or I would build in an adjustment for, to, to make sure that most of the cows in that pen would fe- be fed adequately with the, the variation, expected variation in the diet.

And then you start saying, "What else could affect it?" Is it, is, sulfur may antagonize or can antagonize.

So you start making adjustments for antagonisms, and you keep tacking on, but a lot of people forget there's also a lot of uncertainty on the toxicity level.

... forages?

And I, I want Steph's opinion on this as well, but, you know, measuring status in an animal is hard.

Liver, copper and liver is pretty good.

And so what was it like when you learned that it's actually a condition, that that's something th- it's not just you that, that, that has this lack of a response to music, but that this is something that other people share?

Oh, it was just incredibly validating to know that there's science that explains my lack of musical reaction.

And so it turns out that I'm not some sort [laughs] of a freak.

It's that my brain simply doesn't connect the auditory cortex to the reward center, and that's just how I'm wired.

And i- if anything, it's kind of a social hall pass for me now because I feel much more free to talk about m- my musical response or lack thereof, and I don't feel I need to hide it or to be in the closet anymore.

And in fact, the first time that I told somebody that I do have musical anhedonia, they, they didn't run away screaming, and they actually thought the whole story was very interesting.

And that's important as well because it's not as though you live a life without joy and without pleasure and wonder, right? What are, what are the things that fill that hole for you?

You know, people say they feel bad for me because they assume that I'm missing out, but I'm interes- I, I'm really immersed in many things that move me.