RECOVERable: Mental Health and Addiction Experts Answer Your Questions
May 14, 2026 · 56 min · 12 segments
Stop fighting your brain and start understanding it. Dr. Judson Brewer reveals why willpower is a myth and how neuroscience is the real key to breaking bad habits. Find mental health and addiction…
So I wanna make sure that our viewers are not intimidated by the fact we're using words like neuroscience of addiction, because I know that we have chosen you specifically because you're very good at breaking things down, and I need to say I have a BA, not a BS.
So I will be asking questions until I understand it in the hopes that viewers and listeners will also understand.
So I wanted to start, before we get into the internet questions, talking about some of your research, because when I was researching you, I found this habit loop, and I was like, "Oh, that would be so helpful to know."
It's evolutionarily conserved, meaning that we share the same type of learning all the way back to the sea slug, which is a big sea slug.
You know, you imagine a slug that's in the ocean, and it only has 20,000 neurons.
And those neuron pathways, those, you know, those brain cell pathways, have been, been mapped, showing that sea slugs learn in a similar way to humans.
And how that works is in, through a process called positive and negative reinforcement.
When they had to forage for food, you know, they didn't have refrigerators, so they had to go foraging on the savanna or in the, in the woods.
When they found food, their, um, their brains would light up and say, "Oh, wait a minute," you know, "Here's the food." They would eat the food, and that would actually send this dopamine signal to their brain that said, "Remember what you ate and where you found it."
So a habit loop is made up of three elements: a trigger, a behavior, and a result.
So the trigger would be seeing the food, the behavior would be eating the food, and then the result would be this dopamine surge that says, "Ooh, that was good.
So I wanna make sure that our viewers are not intimidated by the fact we're using words like neuroscience of addiction, because I know that we have chosen you specifically because you're very good at breaking things down, and I need to say I have a BA, not a BS.
So I will be asking questions until I understand it in the hopes that viewers and listeners will also understand.
So I wanted to start, before we get into the internet questions, talking about some of your research, because when I was researching you, I found this habit loop, and I was like, "Oh, that would be so helpful to know."
It's evolutionarily conserved, meaning that we share the same type of learning all the way back to the sea slug, which is a big sea slug.
You know, you imagine a slug that's in the ocean, and it only has 20,000 neurons.
And those neuron pathways, those, you know, those brain cell pathways, have been, been mapped, showing that sea slugs learn in a similar way to humans.
And how that works is in, through a process called positive and negative reinforcement.
When they had to forage for food, you know, they didn't have refrigerators, so they had to go foraging on the savanna or in the, in the woods.
When they found food, their, um, their brains would light up and say, "Oh, wait a minute," you know, "Here's the food." They would eat the food, and that would actually send this dopamine signal to their brain that said, "Remember what you ate and where you found it."
So a habit loop is made up of three elements: a trigger, a behavior, and a result.
So the trigger would be seeing the food, the behavior would be eating the food, and then the result would be this dopamine surge that says, "Ooh, that was good.
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