Oct 9, 2026 · 24 min · 8 segments
**Perek י״ג: The Mechanics of Carrying** Building on the domains established in the previous Perek, this Perek works through the detailed technical rules of Hota'ah: why a person's open hand counts…
[speaks foreign language] The Rambam begins, someone who transfers some sort of object from one domain to another, or someone who carries an object beyond, uh, four amah in a public domain isn't chayav unless they lift the object up from a place that's at least four ama-- uh, four tefachim, sorry, by four tefachim, four hand breadths, and puts it down in a place that's four tefachim by four tefachim.
[speaks foreign language] A person's hand is considered equivalent to a place which is four tefachim by four tefachim.
[speaks foreign language] If a person, uh, removes an object from the hand of a person standing in one domain and places it in the hand of someone standing in a different domain, they'd be chayav, they'd be liable.
[speaks foreign language] Similarly, if someone was standing in one of these domains and they reached into another domain and grabbed an object, either from the domain itself or from the hand of someone standing there and brought it into their domain, so then the person would be liable.
[speaks foreign language] Even though you haven't actually put the object down, right? You're standing there, you're just holding the object, you'd still be liable because it's considered as though it were placed on the ground.
[speaks foreign language] If someone was eating and they went from one domain to another, they'd be liable if they thought to carry the food in their mouth from one domain to another.
[speaks foreign language] Because w- you might say that it's not the normal way to take it out, but the person's intent causes their mouth to be considered as a place which is four by four, uh, uh, tefachim in size.
[speaks foreign language] He says, "If someone is standing in one domain and they either urinate or spit into another domain, they'd be liable, they'd be chayav, 'cause they're removing something, a substance from one domain and putting it down in another, and it's a conscious decision." [speaks foreign language] His, his intent, his conscious, uh, activity causes it to be considered like, uh, he has removed something from one place to another with four tefachim.
[speaks foreign language] If a person is standing in one domain with most of their body, but part of their body is in another domain, and they urinate with that other part of their body, so then they would be exempt.
[speaks foreign language] If a person is standing in one of these, uh, domains and he reaches his hand into the other, and he takes water out from a pit that's full of water, he'd be liable.
[speaks foreign language] Because the entirety of the water is considered like it's on the ground.
[speaks foreign language] But if you have a container of fruit that's like floating on water, and you reach your hand into the vessel and you... or the container, and you take out a fruit, so then you'd be exempt.
[speaks foreign language] Because the fruit wa- wasn't resting on the land itself, so it's found or we see that he hasn't uprooted or lifted up from, uh, a place of four tefachim.
[speaks foreign language] And we don't need to even mention that if the fruit itself was floating on the water and one moves it from one domain to another, he'd be patur.
[speaks foreign language] If oil was floating on water and he somehow scooped up some of the oil and moved it from one reshut to another, he would be exempt.
[speaks foreign language] We've already said that a person is only liable for moving from one reshut to another if they remove from one place and place in another.
[speaks foreign language] Like we said yesterday, if he's taken from one place but not placed it in another or vice versa, he would be exempt.
[speaks foreign language] The Rambam begins, someone who transfers some sort of object from one domain to another, or someone who carries an object beyond, uh, four amah in a public domain isn't chayav unless they lift the object up from a place that's at least four ama-- uh, four tefachim, sorry, by four tefachim, four hand breadths, and puts it down in a place that's four tefachim by four tefachim.
[speaks foreign language] A person's hand is considered equivalent to a place which is four tefachim by four tefachim.
[speaks foreign language] If a person, uh, removes an object from the hand of a person standing in one domain and places it in the hand of someone standing in a different domain, they'd be chayav, they'd be liable.
[speaks foreign language] Similarly, if someone was standing in one of these domains and they reached into another domain and grabbed an object, either from the domain itself or from the hand of someone standing there and brought it into their domain, so then the person would be liable.
[speaks foreign language] Even though you haven't actually put the object down, right? You're standing there, you're just holding the object, you'd still be liable because it's considered as though it were placed on the ground.
[speaks foreign language] If someone was eating and they went from one domain to another, they'd be liable if they thought to carry the food in their mouth from one domain to another.
[speaks foreign language] Because w- you might say that it's not the normal way to take it out, but the person's intent causes their mouth to be considered as a place which is four by four, uh, uh, tefachim in size.
[speaks foreign language] He says, "If someone is standing in one domain and they either urinate or spit into another domain, they'd be liable, they'd be chayav, 'cause they're removing something, a substance from one domain and putting it down in another, and it's a conscious decision." [speaks foreign language] His, his intent, his conscious, uh, activity causes it to be considered like, uh, he has removed something from one place to another with four tefachim.
[speaks foreign language] If a person is standing in one domain with most of their body, but part of their body is in another domain, and they urinate with that other part of their body, so then they would be exempt.
[speaks foreign language] If a person is standing in one of these, uh, domains and he reaches his hand into the other, and he takes water out from a pit that's full of water, he'd be liable.
[speaks foreign language] Because the entirety of the water is considered like it's on the ground.
[speaks foreign language] But if you have a container of fruit that's like floating on water, and you reach your hand into the vessel and you... or the container, and you take out a fruit, so then you'd be exempt.
[speaks foreign language] Because the fruit wa- wasn't resting on the land itself, so it's found or we see that he hasn't uprooted or lifted up from, uh, a place of four tefachim.
[speaks foreign language] And we don't need to even mention that if the fruit itself was floating on the water and one moves it from one domain to another, he'd be patur.
[speaks foreign language] If oil was floating on water and he somehow scooped up some of the oil and moved it from one reshut to another, he would be exempt.
[speaks foreign language] We've already said that a person is only liable for moving from one reshut to another if they remove from one place and place in another.
[speaks foreign language] Like we said yesterday, if he's taken from one place but not placed it in another or vice versa, he would be exempt.
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