Understanding the Quickly Evolving AI Data Center Architecture

You know, hyperscalers seem to be commissioning power at a pace that the grid interconnection maybe can't keep up with.

You know, from where you stand at Renaissance, how do you see data center operators managing that gap today? And what role does power electronics play in making facilities more flexible and grid friendly?

Yes, I think before we talked about what could be elements, right, that eventually sustain, accelerate or decelerate the process.

Now, let's go a little bit more technical because clearly when we go into the energy portion, right, there is a question that impacts, let's say, what we call the gray space, basically the part that is more on the facility power, right, and the white space more in the computing.

I think we have challenges in both sides.

Let's start probably from the one where we are more familiar, which is the white space, so density.

I think here we need to talk about NVIDIA necessarily because NVIDIA drives for sure the architecture of this hardware.

And if we make an example, right, so they started Ruben, when they started Ruben in 2025, they also introduced the Kyber Rack, right, which was a structure with four pucks, basically, and I think in a number of, let's say, NVL 288 GPUs.

In the meantime, due to the challenges also of the power density, now we see that the new Kyber Rack It's designing in another way, only two books vertical.

So it's basically an NVL 144.

So they reduce the number of GPU and the challenge is clearly the power density.

So it was probably a leapfrog exaggerated in that sense, because I think the power in excess that Rubin brings and Rubin Ultra will bring duplicating this power, right? I think as brought more reasonable amount of power inside that rack.

It's a question of dissipating this amount of watt per inch cubic.

And so in that sense, I think in the white space, we have seen a deceleration, okay, to come to more reasonable number.

So we have a Rubin-Oberon, and then we have a Rubin-Kaiber, which comes a little bit different than what they saw in 2025, more reasonable number, almost half of the power, basically 600 kilowatt.

And then on the gray space, of course, this is where I think the infrastructure is pretty obsolete, pretty old, right, with this line transformer introduced several decades ago.

Clearly, modernization is going to happen because I think electronic needs to enter there.

And sustainability, right, in a way that you can have, I think, renewable energy has to come as well in place.

So there will be a modification of that portion of the Great Zone with ESS portions actually fed locally by renewable energy.

We need to talk about procuring, actually, procurement, which is another big challenge today because the time to set up an electrical line to a data center is about two years at the moment, right? And it's increasing instead of decreasing.

So I think the innovation of that portion comes together.

I think we can go more in details if you want, but I hope here to give you time to refresh the question.

Thank you.