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Zac Williamson
Co-founder and CEO of Aztec Network, a privacy-first Ethereum Layer 2; cryptographer, co-inventor of PLONK, and former particle physicist (Oxford PhD, ex-CERN).
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Nov 3, 2026
The Race for Private Ethereum | Zac Williamson
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21:53David HoffmanHOST
How does the rise of data breaches or just the rise of AI capacities to exploit vulnerabilities, how does this conversation relate?
Zac WilliamsonGUEST
This is going to change the world, and the world is not ready for what's going to be happening with all these AI attacks.
Zac WilliamsonGUEST
What used to, maybe even six months ago, what used to require very highly skilled, highly paid labor to find all these bugs and exploits now you can spin up millions of little minions that are just as capable or almost as capable that can just scour the web for you for every single little vulnerability and exploit an attack and then find a way of using them and even autonomously executing on these attacks possibly even billions of these little minions soon And it's going to change the web because right now most internet applications are slop.
Zac WilliamsonGUEST
Either it's AI slop or it's human slop, but very little attention is being paid to security because there's this principle of obscurity because who is going to be looking at some random ass website where there's a server in Utah that's running some old PHP code that's managing, I don't know, like a customer order for $10,000.
7 MINS LATER
Aztec's Rebirth, The $61M Token Sale & Programmable Privacy on Ethereum
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14:22speaker_2ADVERTISER
The goal is that
Zac WilliamsonGUEST
You don't need to know cryptography or weird, complicated semantics around primacy.
Zac WilliamsonGUEST
If you have private transactions, then each transaction itself is a zero-knowledge proof.
Zac WilliamsonGUEST
And so how do you make that proof? Because, you know, normally if you look at things like the ZXE paper and early attempts at creating private transactions, They're very unintuitive to a developer or engineer.
Zac WilliamsonGUEST
The idea there is that instead of having code that modifies state, you have state that comes attached with some code which defines how that state variable is created or destroyed.
30 MINS LATER
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44:47Friederike ErnstHOST
So if you look at systems like Alio or Namada or ZK Sync's privacy layer, how do you mentally categorize them with respect to Aztec? Privacy is a hot narrative right now.
The Road to Private Smart Contracts: Aztec's Multi-Year Journey with Zac Williamson
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22:12Dylan GrabowskiHOST
So this goes back to my question, how do we embed, how do we catalyze more privacy tools? Do we have to have the individual rise up or does it come more from the top down and umbrella of institutions and large scale entities? It's a very good question.
Zac WilliamsonGUEST
So the naive thought is it can't come from the individual because the individual doesn't care about privacy.
Zac WilliamsonGUEST
As much as I wish we lived in a society where people cared about privacy deeply, they don't.
Zac WilliamsonGUEST
The typical revenue models for pretty much every online service is mass data surveillance and information harvesting about who you are.
Zac WilliamsonGUEST
There's probably a few AI algorithms kicking around the world that know more about me than I do.
Zac WilliamsonGUEST
So one would think, okay, well, people that care about privacy, they're not going to pay for it.
5 MINS LATER
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28:21Dylan GrabowskiHOST
So maybe you can just kind of walk us through what the major launches have been and the major milestones.