What are some of the costs that aren't so direct then don't focus on the visible damage to the homes and the infrastructure as such to the tax bases, public debt or intergovernmental transfers that your research shows can also be affected by the disasters?

Right.

Yeah.

So we are talking about the cost of government.

Usually we look at their spending side and we see that, yeah, we do see increased spending from local or state government.

And that's because they need to provide some disaster relief fund to lower level governments or directly to the affected communities.

residents to make sure that they recover, and these are the primary source of their increased spending.

stable communities, buy houses and afford houses in areas with low risk, low risk natural disasters, right?