Right

... that evolved.

They were not built.

And we decoded them amazingly in the '60s and '70s with limited toys, limited experimental tools at the time.

Um, and it was nothing like a computer works.

A cell, a genome is absolutely nothing like any of our computers work.

Uh, it evolved over, you know, 4 billion years, originated around 4 billion years ago when we had the origin of life.

Mm-hmm.

And does neuroscience look very different now from maybe at the beginning of your career?

almost unrecognizable, almost unrecognizable than 20 years ago.

And there's a number of reasons for that.

Most people would say the main reason are the toys that we're playing with.

So the techniques that we can now use to manipulate brain circuits and to listen in to what the brain is doing are what would have seemed like Star Trek or some kind of science fiction movie.

back 20 years ago.

And that's why neuroscience is such a fun field to be doing experiments in, because the things we can do would have never seemed possible.

If we turn our minds and our focus now to the next decade, what would you say you see as the biggest scientific opportunities for the next 10 years or so?