But when you looked and you said, what does the world need to hear now? What does this book need to say? How did you approach that question?

Well, you know, I thought there were at least two things that needed to be well thought well put into the book.

And the first thing needed to be some examples and some thinking about major uncertainty and major crisis leadership like was ongoing in Ukraine.

And that was why I thought it was essential to have Mariana included in this because her chapters, and she wrote, I believe, five chapters, do that.

So they would take the reader into an experience that most of them never had before, and it would prepare them for major uncertainty, major crisis.

And then the other thing that needed to be in the book is the The principle leadership techniques that I've taught over the years at Yale Executive Education and in speaking myself after that needed to be aligned with our uncertainty situation.

And so I put together 10 chapters that covered really all the important things that I've taught through the years.

Yeah.

My question is this, though: How, how do leaders balance their control with allowing teams to improvise and take initiative on their own?

As I think through that, to me, the best, uh, methods are intent statements, delegation with intent.

And the way that works is that on top of any kind of plan you might have or, uh, other element of control over the people, you give them four things in a brief statement half a page long.

The first is purpose, why you're doing what you're doing.

The second is method, and that would be any specific tasks that you want them to do or any method strategy that you want them to take.

The third thing is explaining to them the risk that you're willing to cover, whether it's a, uh, you know, $30,000, $3 million, the loss of a client.

What are the risks that you're willing to cover for them when they take initiative? And also anything that you specifically do not want them to do.

Can you give us an example of, from your work where a leader or an organization has successfully a- adapted during a major crisis? What did they do differently, and what was the outcome?