What was your frustration level as you found that there were no available chemotherapy drugs that would be helpful for a variety of reasons, and that the issue of the blood-brain barrier that needed to be crossed to even get to Brooke's tumor was not giving you answers that you would hope to hear?

Yeah, it was very frustrating.

Um, the only ch-- At the time, the only chemotherapy drugs that were even being considered were basically chemotherapy drugs that were-- showed some signs in breast cancer or showed some signs in some other kind of cancer, and really had no reason why they might work in a, in a DIPG or not.

And it was kinda just, you know, grasping at straws and throwing something against the wall and see if it would stick, because the bi- the biology of the tumors was not known then.

And, like, now we-- the biology of the tumors is known largely in part because the organization, uh, that I, I, uh, work with now, which is the DIPG DMG Collaborative, uh, and us researching and putting money into research to, to have that biology, uh, where it's at now.

But, you know, in 2013, that, that information wasn't there.

Um, so I kept questioning doctors of w-why are you choosing this chemotherapy? What, what, what do you think is gonna work with this chemotherapy? And, and one conversation I had with, um, our, uh, neurosurgeon, Mark Sweetain, out of, uh, Weill Cornell, who's associated with Memorial Sloan Kettering, uh, he basically said, "Well, we picked this chemotherapy because, you know, it showed signs in other cancers and, uh, we, we think that maybe it'll have potential in the DIPG.

Can you talk about Keith and the commitment that he shares with you, and I'm sure others, in trying to find a lus- a solution to DIPG?