So you kind of talked about this earlier, right, as we started, but what is the difference between cleaning, sanitizing, disinfecting, and when do we need to do each? And also, do quote-unquote green cleaners, like air purifiers or UV sanitizers, do those work as well against common school pathogens?

Yeah, so there is a big difference between cleaning and disinfection.

Sanitizing is kind of in the middle.

It leans on the side of disinfection.

So cleaning is we're removing dirt.

We're removing stuff.

And so we talk about cleaning in health care where if there's blood splatter or body fluids or something, you start by cleaning it.

Is there anything else you'd like to add?

So Stephanie, what was it like designing a survey where you're essentially asking very accomplished professionals to write about how their field will fail to protect health and safety if there is not collective action?

So I work in the methodology space, and I will say this is a very different type of survey from the ones that I'm used to designing, which are very statistically heavy and have a lot of validity psychometric statistics behind them.

So working with our team, actually, we began by first taking some examples of premortems that were already published in the literature.

That was a really great place to start.

There's some great precedent set for us.

And then from there, we just asked a fairly simple question.

What do we really want and need to know from infection prevention professionals to answer these questions? Like any survey, we wanted to make sure that the questions made sense and captured what we intended.

But next, can you walk us through how you distinguished analytically between contributing factors and missed opportunities? Because those seem like they could easily blur together.

Knowing all this, how concerned should we be as an IP when we encounter these pests in our patient care spaces? Do we freak out? Is it DEFCON 5? Tell us about it.

Yeah, I think that's where we run into the limitations of the literature.

So what we found was they are in healthcare facilities and they are leaving their gooey fingers everywhere.

And they have gooey fingers everywhere.

that have multi-drug resistant organisms on them, and they're yucky.

And there've been a couple of papers who, they didn't have a direct causal link, but they made a really great case for the fact that these insects are in some way tied to this outbreak.

And by controlling the pests, we also controlled the outbreak.

So for IPs, thinking about assessing this risk, how would you advise them to make decisions about supplies or just really what is the next step beyond calling facilities and be like, hey, can you call the pest service?