So then, so then why do farmers need so much fertilizer?

The concept that has been used during, uh, breeding in the green revolution in the past, uh, many [laughs] decades has been to provide plants with as many as possible... as much as possible nutrients to provide the yield that was needed to support the growth, and it was amazing.

However, now we know that the fertilizers have a downside effect because they emit greenhouses, they pollute, they are climate not sustainable.

So this means that we are now facing a situation where our plants that we have bred throughout these de- decades are not prepared to acquire the nutrients themselves by engaging in the symbiosis because they have not been trained, if one can say it in this way.

Uh-huh.

But there is a special, uh, clade of plants that actually have gained the capacity to recognize in... from the soil bacteria that can fix nitrogen, and not only they can recognize it, but they actually create organs on their roots to house these bacteria and allow them to infect inside the cells.

So it's an intracellular symbiosis, where bacteria actually becomes like a factory for ammonia.

So, and in return, plants provide, uh, carbon resources, sugars for sup- to support bacterial life inside the plant cells.