In fact, they can even be complex numbers

involving the square root of minus one.

So I'm assuming that I've already explained to our five-year-old what is a complex number.

And the key thing about these amplitudes is that you have to add up you know, all the possible amplitudes by which something could happen.

Okay, so just like, you know, in probability, right, if I say, how likely is this particle to show up at a certain spot on a screen, you know, then there might be different ways that the particle could have gotten there, right, different paths that it could have taken.

There are different probabilities.

Classically, what I would do is I would just add them all up.

How do you see the two by comparison?

about

the...

You know, although although I actually, you know, well, it's certainly not about those one million dollars.

Right.

I mean, I mean, OpenAI is probably more interested in its upcoming trillion dollar IPO.

Right.

And, you know, and so like like unsolved math problems, you know, were previously very esoteric.

Is there a distinction?

And in terms of

what we have clinically, it primarily is ECT, electroconvulsive therapy, and TMS.

Curiously, I had funding from SAMHSA to open an esketamine clinic.

And the powers that be decided that once the grant support ran out, they were afraid that it would not be financially feasible to continue.

So I was not allowed to open an esketamine arm.

And what you'll also see is that What exists in the community is largely esketamine clinics are existing outside of academic or hospital situations just because the margins are so small in terms of making this profitable.

That's actually what we're going to wind up seeing once psychedelics start to roll out.

So from your perspective, working with patients in a real world interventional psychiatry setting, where do you still see the biggest unmet need for patients with TRD, treatment resistant depression?

I mean, I

think we have to be careful in separating these concepts, right? I mean, so first of all, you know, even purely classical things can be highly nonlinear, can be, you know, incredibly complicated concepts.

in themselves.

There are even mysterious phenomena like turbulence, even just within classical physics that we don't fully understand yet.

And of course, the entire theory of computation up until the last few decades was about classical computation.

and there are great mysteries there.

But what distinguishes a classical system is really that in principle, you could know its state to arbitrary accuracy, even if you don't.

building an arbitrarily reliable quantum computer.

But for our listeners who have only heard the name quantum computing, but don't know anything about it conceptually, I'm wondering how you would introduce it to them, preferably without getting too much into the mathematics or the actual mathematical physics of it.

Yeah.

Yeah.

I mean, I mean, I mean, the the trouble is, you know, like, you know, every week I'm talking to journalists who say, like, can you explain what quantum computing is in one sentence? Right.

And and I'm like, well, you know, if I could do that, or can you analogize it to something that, you know, you know, people already know.

Right.

And like it wouldn't be so interesting if it were if it were easy to do that.

Yeah, there are the