And I think the number one question, and I'm sure you get this from your patients, is what can you do if HCG isn't meeting that threshold? And is there anything that a woman can do? Is there anything in their control, either during that first trimester or even prior to that, that can improve outcomes?

You really cannot control the HCG rate, unfortunately.

Most of the time, any abnormalities in HCG rise that translates into an abnormal pregnancy is typically actually because the embryo itself is abnormal.

And so one of the most common causes is chromosomal abnormalities.

Unfortunately, human reproduction's just really inefficient, even in a very fertile population.

And so if we're talking about a super fertile couple that's able to easily get pregnant, starting with the chance of conception alone, your peak when you're really young and super fertile is never gonna be higher than 25% in a given month.

So, like that's your peak, peak, peak fertility, right? Um, and part of that is because there's a lot of mechanical things that have to happen for egg and sperm to come together.

[upbeat music] And when you're typically testing to look at what these genetic abnormalities are, do they typically stay similar throughout? Like, if somebody has recurrent miscarriages, are they typically very similar genetic abnormality or are they typically, like, very different?