This work reflects our experience in this field and aims to provide a direct comparison between three different endoscopic approaches for treatment of obesity.

So let's start from the broader context, because this study addresses a truly global issue.

Obesity is now considered a pandemic, affecting more than 600,000 million people worldwide, and it is associated with a wide range of complications, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and reduced quality of life.

For this reason, it's essential to develop effective and sustainable treatment strategies.

While lifestyle interventions remain fundamental, they are often insufficient in patients with established obesity.

And this is where medical, surgical and increasingly endoscopic approaches come into play.

Exactly.

Equally important, patients reported a significant improvement in quality of life over the follow-up period, highlighting the broader impact of these procedures beyond simple weight reduction.