Robert Hazen
American mineralogist and astrobiologist
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Aug 18, 2026
Is There a Second Arrow of Time? A New Law of Evolution, Information, and Complexity
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Michael ShermerHOST
Um, besides adjusting your chakras with that, [laughs] what is the purpose, uh, uh, you know, what information is increasing with that versus the stuff that it's made out of?

Robert HazenGUEST
So imagine the atoms of which this is made can a- adapt countless, you know, in, almost astronomical numbers of different configurations, and yet this is the thing that formed.

Robert HazenGUEST
And the reason this formed is 'cause this particular arrangement was selected, and it's selected for very good thermodynamic reasons.

Robert HazenGUEST
A, a cryst- this is sort of one of these cases where the laws of thermodynamics can really be used to explain primarily why this formed.

Robert HazenGUEST
But the laws of thermodynamics don't always take into account the fact that there are so many different possible configurations and what came before.

Robert HazenGUEST
For example, the formation of silicon and oxygen atoms before you could make a crystal of quartz, which is silicon dioxide.

Robert HazenGUEST
And, and so it's this sequential formation, this kind of ratchet-like selection.