I mean, uh, when I read the paper I was sort of shocked that that's the number.

Yeah.

So to get to that number, we gotta go back a, a, a few steps.

Um, so what we're looking at in this paper is county-level outcomes.

So we're not just thinking about colleges and, and their students or their employees, but we're thinking about the communities that colleges are, are located within.

And what we're doing is we're tracking how county-level COVID-19 outcomes, including cases and deaths, we look at hospitalizations a bit as well, how those outcomes changed before and after the start of the fall 2021 semester, and how that change varied based on whether colleges in that county had a vaccine mandate on their campus or not.

So we come up with the total number of 5% by looking at how total deaths over essentially the fall semester, about a 13-week period, varied on average in counties with COVID-19 mandates, um, throughout that time period, and then we essentially add that up across all of the different counties that had the vaccine mandates to come up with a total number, and we estimate that that total number is about 5% of total, uh, COVID-19 deaths that we saw during last fall.

Mm-hmm.