Rebecca Prime, the author of Hollywood Exiles in Europe.

Of the roughly 300 individuals whose careers in Hollywood were ended by the blacklist, only a small percentage chose to leave America.

Those who left did so not in a mass exodus, but in a trickle.

Their timing and choice of destination changed.

based on individual circumstances and opportunities.

London welcomed the largest group of blacklisted American filmmakers, over 20 at the community's peak, while Paris, Rome, and Madrid were home to smaller and more fluid groups of Americans during the 1950s and 1960s.

Across the Atlantic, Mexico City hosted a significant colony of Hollywood exiles, attracted by the city's reputation as a haven for anti-fascists and progressives, along with the fact that no passport was required for entry.