And increasingly, it's even more important that people like you are looking at, well, what do we mean? Is that the case? Just give us a couple of examples of the kind of experiments you do to split that apart and some of the findings.

Right.

There is this big distinction in cognitive science that we use routinely when we study humans and even non-human animals between performance and competence.

Performance is the observable behavior of an organism or a system, what it actually does when we test it on task, how well it does, right? So a simple example would be a student taking an exam.

Performance will be the score it gets on the exam, how well they do on the exam.

And competence is the underlying capacity that enables an organism or a subject or system to do well in a certain testing scenario.

So suppose you have a good student, they do really well on the exam, we might say, well, they're competent at what we were testing them at, right? They're competent at math or they're competent at philosophy.

It's very timely and as a parent, as a lay person, I'm fascinated by what the answers to this are in the opinions of those that are studying it full time.