So, what happened there? Were there other complementary policies that we failed to adopt? Why do we still feel like that complete transition to product innovation for Indian Pharma hasn't particularly happened?

Once again, a complex phenomenon, difficult to fully explain, but my understanding is that The major challenge Indian pharma companies face is the one we spoke about a little while ago, the challenge of transitioning from process to product innovation.

So a weak IP regime earlier gave us the flexibility to copy products but come up with new process innovations to reduce costs.

uh and we were not developing new product drugs they were available uh you could download the pattern i mean invent around that figure out what the composition is and come up with processes that are cheaper and better and make the drug at a much kind of a lower cost uh so We became experts in that kind of a game where the focus was on process innovation.

There was not much market uncertainty.

The market for the products was known.

We were not dealing with those kinds of uncertainties.

Secondly, how important is the role of public R&D in this as you just mentioned? Is it possible to do it without a lot of public fiscal resources or is that like a necessity?