And hatred of Jews no longer shows up as a racial othering, but shows up instead as an othering based on political belief, or political ideal, or Zionism as a part of Jewish identity, or however we're understanding it.

Yeah, so the way that I understand the, the argument that people are making, which, again, is not the argument that Project Shema makes, I wanna underscore this.

Project Shema does not argue that anti-Zionism is always antisemitism.

It's just that, like, 2,000 years ago, it was religiously based, and then it became more racially based, and now it's more like national identity, political sovereignty based.

And that's the arg- If you hear people saying that, that's the argument, uh, that they're making.

I wanna, in some ways, pull back to something I said earlier about, like, three levels of what Jews might mean when they s- use the word antisemitism, right? They're like classical scapegoating, classical conspiratorial thing, just like anti-Jewish sentiment or harm.

And the problem with the sentence is anti-Zionism antisemitism is that the only word in that sentence that we have a clear definition for what people mean is the word is, right? So, like, we get the is, but when a Jewish person or non-Jewish person says antisemitism, or a Jewish or non-Jewish person says anti-Zionism, is anti-Semitism anti-Zionism, we literally have no idea what they mean with the two other words in that, like, sentence/question, right? So, like, as an example, with the word anti-Zionism, somebody could use it as a stand-in for opposition to the war, or a stand-in to the opposition of Bibi Netanyahu's government or a past government.

Well, and who's held responsible?