So there does seem to be a cause and effect relationship here between Lp(a) and heart attacks.

Yes, that's right, and in fact, it's the genetic studies that were most promising.

So genetic studies look at people who genetically determine to have a lower level of Lp(a) compared to people who are genetically determined to have a higher level of Lp(a).

And across a lifetime, you see this graded relationship between higher Lp(a) and higher risks of heart disease, but we're talking, you know, 40, 50 years across a lifetime.

And in the studies that we just talked about, the HORIZON trial, this was a duration of treatment of two and a half to six years.

So it is possible that perhaps the duration of treatment was not long enough.

It's also possible that there are other factors.

But who should be getting tested?

So there does seem to be a cause and effect relationship here between Lp(a) and heart attacks.

Yes, that's right, and in fact it's the genetic studies that were most promising.

So genetic studies look at people who genetically determine to have a lower level of Lp(a) compared to people who are genetically determined to have a higher level of Lp(a).

And across a lifetime you see this graded relationship between higher Lp(a) and higher risks of heart disease.

But we're talking, you know, 40, 50 years across a lifetime and in the studies that we just talked about, the HORIZON trial, this was a duration of treatment of two and a half to six years.

So it is possible that perhaps the duration of treatment was not long enough.

It's also possible that there are other factors.

But then y- you kind of think, well, if there's nothing that I can take for it, if there's no drug available, is it worth getting tested? The argument is yes, 'cause we can manage your risk factors even more aggressively, but who should be getting tested?