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Nancy Joseph

Jun 19, 2026

4:01
Dr. Nancy Joseph, professor of pathology at the University of California, San Francisco, explains why, even within the world of neuroendocrine cancer, that there are many different kinds of zebras.
4:15
I think we like to talk about zebras in the neuroendocrine world because neuroendocrine neoplasms are actually pretty rare and they're also heterogeneous.
4:29
Lots of people may have heard of like a neuroendocrine cancer, but that can mean many different things.
4:36
And so You know, in general, what they all share in common is expression of neuroendocrine markers like synaptophysin or chromogranin.
4:48
But some of these are epithelial neoplasms and others are more mesenchymal neoplasms.
4:57
And even within the epithelial group, some are, we like to call them tumors and others we like to call carcinomas.
5:05
So even though neuroendocrine cancer as a group may be starting to become better recognized, there's still many different flavors happening.
6:32
Dr. Joseph says one of the biggest questions researchers are now trying to answer is whether tumors can actually evolve from one type into another.

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