Before we start to talk about the super part, can you just walk us through the very basics of what an El Niño is?

El Niño is, uh, one of the most influential, uh, climate pattern.

It impacts not only, uh, the local region where it wh- where it starts, which is the, the tropical Pacific, but it also, uh, impacts regions far from that region, um, through something we call teleconnection.

And it can cause, uh, droughts in some re- parts of the, uh, the world and, and, uh, flooding in other parts or, or, you know, hurricanes and, and other activities.

So, um, El Niño is a natural phenomena, and to understand why El Niño occurs, we have to start from the normal state.

So during the normal state of the tropical Pacific, uh, we have this steady trade winds that blows from the, uh, uh, the east toward west, which basically pushes s- warm surface water that is exposed to s- the sunlight, uh, toward the west, and forming something we call, uh, the Pacific, Western Pacific Warm Pool.

And the warm water there then fuels precipitation, the rainfall, you know, convection and rainfall that leads to rainy climate in regions like, you know, Indonesia, you know, Northern Australia, and relatively cool climate in the eastern part of the Pacific, uh, like the coast of Peru.

Are we better prepared, do you think, uh, in 2026, '27 with eight billion people on the planet?

Before we start to talk about the super part, can you just walk us through the very basics of what an El Niño is?

El Niño is, uh, one of the most influential, uh, climate pattern.

It impacts not only, uh, the local region where it w- where it starts, which is the, the tropical Pacific, but it also, uh, impacts regions far from that region, um, through something we call teleconnection.

And it can cause, uh, droughts in some re- parts of the, uh, the world and, and, uh, flooding in other parts or, or, you know, hurricanes and, and other activities.

So, um, El Niño is a natural phenomena, and to understand why El Niño occurs, we have to start from the normal state.

So during the normal state of the tropical Pacific, uh, we have the steady trade winds that blows from the, uh, uh, the east toward west, which basically pushes s- warm surface water that is exposed to s- the sunlight, uh, toward the west, and forming something we call, uh, the Pacific, Western Pacific Warm Pool.

And the warm water there then fuels precipitation, the rainfall, you know, convection and the rainfall that leads to rainy climate in regions like, you know, Indonesia, you know, Northern Australia, and relatively cool climate in the eastern part of the Pacific, uh, like the coast of Peru.

Are we better prepared, do you think, uh, in 2026, '27, with eight billion people on the planet?