
Michael Marmor
Professor Emeritus of Ophthalmology at Stanford University; retina specialist and expert on hydroxychloroquine retinopathy screening and vision in art.
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Jun 18, 2026
A New Visual Field for Hydroxychloroquine Screening
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14:15

Rajesh RaoHOST
You know, so how does this specific field grid provide the topographic information that an OCT cross-section alone might miss? And then also, do you think retina clinics are more likely to have access to FAF imaging or the 24-2C imaging or vice versa?

Michael MarmorGUEST
Retina clinics, most of them have, uh, FAF or fundus autofluorescence because it comes along with the, with the cameras and the various tests that the retina specialists do.

Michael MarmorGUEST
But many clinics, uh, in, uh, general ophthalmology don't have autofluorescence, and we've actually received a certain amount of criticism for writing these recommendations and saying that autofluorescence plus OCT should be the, the test 'cause they're both objective.

Michael MarmorGUEST
What autofluorescence does is it gives you a larger field of view in which you can see both central damage or more, um, pericentral, near or beyond the arcades damage, uh, which, which separates the predominant European pattern, not total, of parafoveal retinopathy, or the Asian pattern, which is pericentral.

Michael MarmorGUEST
A certain number of Europeans will show pericentral or mixed disease, and a fair number of Asians will show, at the start of things, a parafoveal pattern, which is why we say you really have to test both.
8 MINS LATER

Rajesh RaoHOST
How does having the longitudinal data from the 24-C help us identify that inflection point, you know, where functional loss may first appear or where there's acceleration of that loss?