How does geography fundamentally change the way the Army must think about sustainment, command and control, and

tempo? That's a great question.

Obviously, when people look at a map of the Pacific, they see a whole lot of blue.

But the reality is that people live on land, and the territory people want to defend is their homelands.

so partner nations across the pacific are building their capability for homeland defense through their military and other levers of national power but the military is a key part of that and so we work closely with armies across the pacific and our joint partners across that blue pacific to get to where we need to go and do what we need to do on the land the expanse of the indo-pacific area of operations is massive and so it takes weeks by vessel to get someplace and days to get there on an airplane And then within the expanses, in terms of the long lines of communication, you have to consider the dynamics of the geography and what we call the second island chain and the first island chain that's right off the Asian mainland there.

And they are just a handful of islands in each of those chains.

An example would be the Philippines.

How has your understanding of leadership evolved after repeated exposure to fundamentally different types of conflict?