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Maria Veronica Espina Molina

Maria Veronica Espina Molina

Venezuelan attorney and Senior Partner at Tinoco, Travieso, Planchart & Núñez specializing in administrative, constitutional, and public law.

Jul 17, 2026

8:55
On the hydrocarbons, mining, and electricity reforms, what would you say are the changes that matter the most, right? For an investor in a practical setting, what are the changes that you would say matter most?
9:10
Yes, that's very important.
9:11
I would say first, there is a clear move toward greater private participation, as we already have mentioned.
9:18
The reforms are creating meaningful opportunities for private investors to develop and operate projects in sectors that have traditionally been dominated by the state.
9:27
Second, there is a strong effort to make projects more economically attractive and internationally competitive.
9:35
In both hydrocarbons and mining sectors, the new framework moves away from rigid fiscal structures and instead introduces some maximum ceilings for royalties and taxes, and this creates greater flexibility to tailor the government take to the specific economics and risk profiles of each project.
9:53
And this flexibility is very important because it allows projects with different risk profiles and capital requirements to be structured in a more commercially viable way.

9 MINS LATER

19:05
So from an operational perspective, the kind of a day-to-day operating reality, what might that look like, particularly around infrastructure, power, banking, logistics? Can companies realistically operate at scale, would you say?

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