So how has that research epidemiologically looking at autism and the risk of Parkinson's disease, how has that evolved? What else do we know now that we didn't know in 2015?

Yeah, so like you mentioned, that study by Starkstein and colleagues in 2015 was like one of the first to report elevated rates of Parkinsonism in older autistic adults.

And although that sample size was small, the findings did raise a very important question.

You know, could autistic adults be at increased risk for Parkinsonism as they age? And so I feel like at the time, more autism research did focus on, you know, childhood and adolescence and This study was one that helped shift attention towards aging and long-term neurological health in autistic adults.

And so as a result, researchers began examining whether the observed motor symptoms reflected true Parkinson's disease, medication effects, lifelong motor differences with autism, or shared biological mechanisms.

And that kind of started as an observation in a small sample, but now has grown into a very active area of research.

And so, you know, since then, researchers have used a variety of approaches to better understand the relationship between autism and Parkinson's disease.

Manuela, why don't you start and then with Parkinson's and then Samantha, you can finish up with dementia and Alzheimer's.