And I know we're not going to dive deep into this, but generally speaking, what do you tell your patients? And again, this is probably a conversation with their provider.

Well, I do have a fair amount of patients which are on what we call a neuromodulator, or you call it a gut-brain neuromodulator.

So they can help mood, but they also help reduce anxiety.

diarrhea, which you're probably not going to have as much of a problem during pregnancy, but also helps reduce pain.

So there's different categories.

There's the tricyclic antidepressants that we use at low doses.

And then there's SSRIs, which are very commonly known.

Can you walk us through a little bit about what to look out for if there's some worsening GI symptoms because of that? And how early does that show up?

what was it like practicing during that era and when did it take to help shift the paradigm toward a multifactorial model of altered gut brain communication involving neuroimmune microbial and gastrointestinal physiological dysregulation

i've been in the field for a long time back when i started Yeah, a lot of people didn't even know what IBS, even other conditions were, if they were real or even understood the term.

Now, currently, you know, everybody knows what IBS, probably more recognizable than irritable bowel syndrome.

They just may not understand what it is completely, but at least they recognize that it is a condition that is common and they usually know somebody that has it.

But before, it really just wasn't even recognized.

They didn't understand it.

We definitely didn't have as much science to support the term disorders with gut-brain interaction and the multifactorial relationship.

Was it an emotional toll of a particular difficult case or an aha moment? Or how do you manage the toll of patients coming to you that are really troubled? And as I think Kate mentioned earlier, some are told that it's all in their head and they're not believed and they've been seeking support for so long.

What was it like practicing during that era and when did it take to help shift the paradigm toward a multifactorial model of altered gut-brain communication involving neuroimmune, microbial, and gastrointestinal physiological dysregulation?

I've been in the field for a long time.

Back when I started, Yeah, a lot of people didn't even know what IBS, even other conditions were, if they were real or even understood the term.

And Now, currently, you know, everybody knows what IBS, probably more recognizable than irritable bowel syndrome.

They just may not understand what it is completely, but at least they recognize that it is a condition that is common and they usually know somebody that has it.

But before, it really just wasn't even recognized.

They didn't understand it.

Was it an emotional toll of a particular difficult case or an aha moment or Or how do you manage the toll of patients coming to you that are really troubled? And as I think Kate mentioned earlier, some are told that it's all in their head and they're not believed and they've been seeking support for so long.