Tell us, tell us more about why you were thinking about infrastructure in light of this AI agent breaking containment.

containment.You know, the internet was never designed with full security in mind, right? When you're creating a decentralized system, you cannot possibly foresee every security or vulnerability that might come up.

But because you have a system that is based on building blocks, you have the extraordinary capability of actually addressing security, um, issues as they come, come up, uh, through those building blocks without breaking the whole system down.

And of course, the other thing that this does is that it, it sort of pushes you towards collaboration because when you have so many building blocks, you cannot possibly possess all the knowledge for each building block, so you're bringing literally everyone to try to address these problems.

So take the internet, for instance.

We have spent decades addressing those vulnerabilities, um, uh, and develop- developing mechanisms to, for instance, authenticate users and devices, encrypt communications, mitigate distributed attacks, coordinate incident response, and of course, share, uh, threat intelligence.

Now, what is new with agentic AI is not that simply the malware is better or the phishing attacks are more sophisticated, but it is the emergence of systems that can actually discover vulnerabilities across thousands of systems.

OpenAI is a nonprofit artificial intelligence research company.

You're over in Europe, so, uh, what's happening there?

Oh, boy! So Europe.

So in Europe, we have been having a conversation about this idea of digital sovereignty, as you know, for quite some time.

And it sort of started under the previous commission.

We had a commissioner who was French, and Thierry Breton, and he really did a lot of good stuff in terms of, you know, he, he pushed for regulation that I feel is necessary, like the DSA and the DMA and all that stuff.

But he also started using this term "digital sovereignty," and he was throwing it up in the air without really providing any sort of definition or interpretation, and it sort of stuck, right? And over the past few years, Europe has been struggling to define it.

And one of the things that really frustrated me was the fact that Europe was not really defining what it was meaning when it was using digital sovereignty, simply because if you don't define it, then it's up for grabs, right? Everybody can come in and just say whatever they want and just stick digital sovereignty underneath and believe that they contribute to the debate.

Right.