So explain the, the-- you know, when you're saying phase two, can you explain the different phases that estrogen has to go through? And then how is it that sulforaphane is acting on those? And do we need to be putting other things in place to help with phase one or phase three or the other phases of detoxification?

Yeah.

Um, so estrogen is, um, can be oxidized and be-- can be converted into a quinone.

And estrogen quinone is, is known to be the carcinogen that, that causes DNA adduct formation, uh, along with the, I think, four alpha ver- alpha hydroxy version of estrogen.

That, that's one that is, um, phase one.

Uh, estrogen is converted into three different metabolic products with, uh, cytochrome, cytochrome P450 enzymes.

Um, so, uh, six alpha, four alpha, and, and another one, I always forget the different names, but one of them is-- causes DNA adduct formation.

Yeah.

Yeah.

Yeah, the whole metabolic shift that goes on there.

I think a lot of people don't realize that this was an aha moment for me was a baby in the four hours between you feed goes into a full ketosis state.

So that system is meant to be going all the time and your cells actually run more efficiently on ketones And oxygen, oxygen dependent phosphorylation, you know, the mitochondrial function works better in that state.

And so I think however you think about, you know, what we did ancestrally, you know, before modernization of man, it was tough to make food, find food.

And so I think that was built into the system is that you work so hard that you get yourself into that state all the time.

And so that's a big problem that's going on right now is that you get up, you eat two hours later, you eat, then you snack, then you eat lunch and then that whole business of having slowly ramping up the amount of insulin that's around.

Can you explain to our listeners why bioavailability is so important and just because one supplement has X amount of milligrams of whatever could be different from another one?

Will you, will you give us, Dr. John, will you give us kinda some of the nerdy background on how estrogen m- is metabolized and why, and where sulforaphane fits in there?

Yeah.

So probably the, the, the way to start thinking about it, uh, is that estrogen is metabolized like a lot of, um, xenobiotics, is it gets conjugated and changed and hydroxylated and, um, pushed down all these different pathways.

And probably a good way to think about it is that one of those pathways, um, for hydroxy estrogen, um, is, can be a DNA adduct.

So it's, it's genotoxic.

And so there's lots of different ways that estrogen can be, um, metabolized, uh, quinolated.

Um, and so, so the, the bare estrogen that normally hits estrogen receptor alpha and estrogen receptor beta, um, are pushing on pathways that are obviously preparing a woman for being able to carry a baby, um, which is an optimal metabolic state.

Yeah.