Joe, can you give us more of an overview of the work?

Sure.

Thanks, Jody.

You know, I think the important thing here is when we look at the voluntary corporate target landscape, it really raises important questions about business management, about law and regulation, and about public policy.

That's what attracted, I think, the scholars from the law school, the business school, and the Kennedy School to come together to work on this.

Now, in order to really understand what these voluntary corporate targets mean in practice, we need to actually better understand who has adopted these targets.

So if we want to ask and address questions like, are the emissions of companies with voluntary targets lower than other companies? Do companies that take on targets start to inform and influence their peers? How do we think about these voluntary corporate targets interacting with existing public policies and regulations? We really need to have a comprehensive and complete assessment of who has adopted targets, what types of targets those are, and those who have not.

Joe, can you speak to that?

Joe, can you give us more of an overview of the work?

Sure.

Thanks, Jody.

You know, I think the important thing here is when we look at the voluntary corporate target landscape, it really raises important questions about business management, about law and regulation, and about public policy.

That's what attracted, I think, the scholars from the law school, the business school, and the Kennedy School to come together to work on this.

Now, in order to really understand what these voluntary corporate targets mean in practice, we need to actually better understand who has adopted these targets.

So if we wanna ask and address questions like, are the emissions of companies with voluntary targets lower than other companies? Do companies that take on targets start to inform and influence their peers? How do we think about these voluntary corporate targets interacting with existing public policies and regulations? We really need to have a comprehensive and complete assessment of who has adopted targets, what types of targets those are, and those who have not.

Joe, can you tell us a little bit about how it was created and what it does?

How would you calm it down and come up with some calming features? How do you see the whole thing carrying the people with you on this endeavor?

One thing I would stress on the innovation part is solar geoengineering, we probably don't need a lot of innovation per se.

We know what kind of particles will actually work in reflecting the incoming sunlight.

We just need to find ways of actually flying airplanes probably 50, 60,000 feet in the air and design them in a way to inject those aerosols into the atmosphere.

We can already fly planes that high, just the planes we build that go that high typically just have pilot or two and cameras, as opposed to having a payload and have a design so that it can fly that altitude and inject the aerosols into the air.

So when we've talked to some of the people who are experts on this and the communications they've had with people in the aviation industry on actually building delivery vehicles like this, it's not a very difficult engineering problem.

It's something, one, that if you had made a crash course, you could have a fleet of these airplanes operating probably within a decade or so.

What's your argument against that?