And Katu and Jens, how is this being viewed from an EU perspective?

From an EU perspective, the directive represents a significant step towards a more harmonised and coordinated corruption framework across the single market.

Until now, business had to navigate different definitions of corruption offences, varying penalties and inconsistent enforcement across member states.

The directive is designed to establish a common baseline, greater consistency, and predictability for organizations operating across borders.

The directive is intended to address that by establishing common minimum standards for offenses, sanctions, and corporate liability.

Corruption is not simply a criminal justice issue, it's also an economic and governance issue that undermines fair competition, investment, and public trust.

For businesses, the directive means that anti-corruption compliance is increasingly being viewed as a core element of good corporate governance rather than a standalone legal obligation.

And Jens, based on your experience helping clients with this type of legislation, what are some of the best ways that private sector firms can practice good governance as the directive is implemented across the EU? And how should ESG considerations be factored into this process?