Obviously, if you have a young tree, that tree is at risk from bunnies, deer, anything I'm leaving out of that list?

Right.

Well, we need to keep in mind that right below the bark is that vascular system, and if you damage it, uh, by chewing on it or rubbing your antlers on it, that can have long-term negative ramifications for that, for that plant.

So physically excluding, and I'm, I'm into Jim Pease's territory here, but, but, uh, I, I'm not a big fan of repellents, things you spray on trunks or hang from branches because you never know when they've lost their effectiveness.

But I can look out in the dead of winter and see my fencing, my trunk wrap.

I can see whatever I've used to physically exclude animals from my trees and shrubs, uh, and, and feel confident that it's, [laughs] that it's still working.

Uh, so if you've got a deer population in your neighborhood, then physically excluding the deer from, from that, from a plant or a group of plantings.

That seems like that could probably not work.

And then we are also, when we're looking at things that may affect a tree's ability to bounce back from a storm, what else are we looking at? What makes a tree more or less susceptible to storm damage?

Right.

Some plants just catch more wind.

Conifers, for example, will catch a lot of wind.

In fact, we might get to this later on in our discussion this morning.

But during high wind events, we often see conifers just tip over.

They're leaning at a 45 degree angle, sometimes even more.

What do you do in that situation?