What did the archival research reveal to you about his motives in that formative part of his life?

First of all, I should say that I was very lucky to have the support of the Rothschild family in my work and access to the Rothschild archive in London and the sort of satellite archive at Wadsden Manor in the British countryside.

And these are certainly without question some of the great... private archives in the world.

I mean, really, the Rothschild Archive in London is the story of modern economic history in Europe.

It's it's incredible.

I was very and then the the satellite archive contains most of the papers that deal with the family's investments in Palestine and later Israel.

So I worked a lot there.

So when you look at Jewish life in the West today, which historical precedents genuinely help us understand the present? And where do the comparisons break down?

So are there certain so-called findings on physical or history that should result in imaging, for example, over a certain age?

age?Yes, absolutely.

Diagnostic imaging is appropriate when the history or the physical examination raise suspicion of a serious spinal pathology or a significant neurological compromise or other specific diagnosis that might require different management.

For a vertebral fracture, that's probably the most common specific diagnosis.

The most important red flags include, as you mentioned, older age, particularly over 70 years old, osteoporosis, prolonged corticosteroid use, or significant trauma such as a fall from a height or a motor vehicle collision, particularly in younger people.

For older people, particularly an older woman, for example, with osteoporosis, maybe a cough or a sneeze might be enough of a trauma to cause a compression fracture.

For spinal malignancy, usually metastatic disease, the most informative clinical feature is a previous history of cancer.

What is your recommended approach to acute low back pain?

I'm curious how that text shaped your understanding of him, and then also how you used it combined with the archival record.

Yes, I was very fortunate to be, I believe, the first, uh, historian to use Edmond's unfinished memoir, which is just really fragments.

It's not a full document.

It's not a diary of every day of his life.

But it is a wonderful window into the man, his mind, and his moment.

It was a document that was uncovered by the wonderful team of archivists led by Katherine Taylor at Waddesdon Manor in Buckinghamshire, which is where the bulk of the Rothschild papers pertaining to Edmond's initiatives in Ottoman Palestine are kept.

And, you know, it's an amazing document.

What did that phrase start out meaning to him, and how did that meaning evolve?