How has that challenge changed the way analgesics are developed and prescribed?

I think very much.

It's really a central problem in this area because take the analgesics we have today.

We've got a lot of analgesics, you know, NSAIDs, acetaminophen, you know, peripherally acting drugs, things that are, they kind of, they tend to have somewhat of an efficacy ceiling.

They can be very effective, and especially when used in combination with each other, they can be effective.

But often, it doesn't fully treat the pain or even, in some cases, doesn't really come close to treating the pain.

And you're required to go to something like an opioid to treat that pain and avoid the consequences that I just talked about in the previous question.

So moving on to the next question, beyond traditional opioid pathways, which areas of pain biology are researchers now exploring and why might they offer new treatment possibilities?