So now that we're talking about this being a major problem in Western Africa instead of the Middle East, how has it actually happened? Is it something that's always been there? And how has it gotten so bad that you now have not one, but several countries that are facing this at quite an existential level?

Yeah, so...

In terms of the history side of things, we basically saw jihadism migrate down to Sahel from North Africa, or Islamic Maghreb.

We're looking at the history of the Algerian jihadist movement, really finding themselves squeezed within the Algerian context, and they dispersed outwards.

One of the places they went to was the Sahelian region and the wider Maghrebian region.

So it kind of immigrated from there, but it's really taken on a life of its own since it kind of migrated across.

And JNIM, as I mentioned before, is actually an outgrowth of that sort of Algerian jihadist sort of history and background.

How successful do you think that when they were there, how successful they were in holding back or pushing back these jihadi groups back then?