So tumors that arise more in the kinda nasal cavity, sinonasal compartment often will present with complaints like nasal obstruction or epistaxis versus tumors that are arising from the sella where the pituitary gland sits might present with endocrine dysfunction or visual disturbance, classically by temporal hemian as a presenting symptom.

One of the big problems within sinonasal malignancy in, in terms of detection is actually that a lot of the symptoms, and at least in the nose, where Dr. Shirsaager and I are, are often thinking about them, is that the, the symptoms are really non-specific.

I mean, if you think about things like epistaxis, nasal obstruction, nasal drainage, facial pain, I mean, these are things that are seen in, in primary care offices, I'm sure multiple, multiple times a day.

And obviously the vast majority of these patients won't have sinonasal tumors or skull-based tumors for that matter.

And one of the things that, that we kinda talk to our residents and, and talk to everybody about is some of the asymmetry and the persistence of symptoms.

So for instance, if someone was breathing well through their nose and now they've had progressive, let's say left-sided nasal obstruction and bleeding from that side, those would be some warning signs that this is something a little bit different.

Now, uh, just playing the odds, most of those patients have a septal deviation and some dryness, but those are things that, that should prompt, you know, further consideration, is really the asymmetry and then the progressive nature of things.

Are there any features of a skull-based tumor that would suggest that they can be observed?