How did you move that needle forward, probably against resistance, I would imagine? It'd be great to hear that story.

Well, actually even before that, even four years before that, I mean, I, uh, when I was...

Many, many years ago in the, in the, in the, um, uh, late '80s when [laughs] I was doing, um, my, uh, training in the, as a clinical epidemiologist, it was very clear to me that all of these categories that we think of in medicine as being categorical, diabetes, yes, diabetes, no, um, dyslipidemia, yes, dyslipidemia, no, et cetera, were totally artificial, and that all of our risk factors are continuously related to the outcomes that we're interested in.

And the first sort of, um, insight that I had was that glucose is one of those risk factors, that if you look at glucose...

And I coined the term in 1990, um, s- five, in ar- it was '96, an article in Lancet, of dysglycemia, and the concept that glucose is a continuous risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

It doesn't start at the diabetes threshold.

It starts from normal, and any glucose level above normal is continuously related to cardiovascular outcomes, not just myocardial infarctions, but stroke, cardiovascular death, um, et cetera, and heart failure, and later on shown things like cognitive impairment and many other things.

Tell us a little bit about what you see as the state of the art and what we need to be thinking about as practicing cardiologists in the near term, and then maybe some sort of looking into the crystal ball in the future.